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Museum Boerhaave is a museum of the history of science and medicine, based in Leiden, Netherlands. The museum hosts a collection of historical scientific instruments from all disciplines, but mainly from medicine, physics, and astronomy. The museum is located in a building that was originally a convent in central Leiden. It includes a reconstructed traditional anatomical theatre. It also has many galleries that include the apparatus with which Heike Kamerlingh Onnes first liquefied helium (in Leiden), the electromagnet equipment used by Wander Johannes de Haas (a Leiden physicist) for his low-temperature research, and an example of the Leiden jar, among many other objects in the extensive collection. The museum is named after Herman Boerhaave, a Dutch physician and botanist who was famous in Europe for his teaching at Leiden and lived to a great age, receiving brilliant students from all over Europe, including Peter the Great, Voltaire and Linnaeus. ==History== Boerhaave Museum's history began in 1907, when a Historical Exhibition of Natural Science and Medicine was held in the Academy Building Academiegebouw (Leiden) of Leiden University. The many objects in the exhibition came from all the learned corners of the country. It was a great success and there were immediately calls to set up a permanent science history exhibit.〔 In 1928 a foundation was initiated by physicist Claude August Crommelin, who worked at Leiden university, for a museum for the history of natural sciences. The aim of the museum was described in the preliminary statutes of the foundation: "the collection of instruments, tools, slides and specimens, documents and other objects, which are important for the history of the natural sciences; to look after these objects, describe them and keep them in a museum which is to be located in Leiden". The sciences to be represented included: Astronomy, Physics, Chemistry, Botany, Zoology, Pharmacy, all medical sciences - including Physiology, Anatomy et cetera, and Mathematics. In 1931 the museum opened as "The Dutch Historical Museum of the Natural Sciences" (''Het Nederlandsch Historisch Natuurwetenschappelijk Museum''). To the view of Crommelin, the museum was to become a national museum: the 's Gravesande-Musschenbroek collection would form the starting point, to which collections from other institutes were to be added. In 1947 the museum, which was in fact a private foundation, became formally a national museum. It was renamed to "The Dutch National Museum for the History of the Natural Sciences" (''Rijksmuseum voor de Geschiedenis van Natuurwetenschappen''). An advisory board was installed in which members of Dutch universities would take seat. It underlined the ambition to become a national museum, not a museum solely connected to the Leiden University. The plan was to merge collections of all scientific institutes in one museum, but this did not truly succeed. Before moving in 1991, the museum was located in the former Boerhaave Laboratory at the Steenstraat 1, Leiden, a building which belonged to the Leiden Academic Hospital (''Leiden Academisch Hospital''), now part of LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center. This location of the museum now houses the National Museum of Ethnology. To create better housing the former nunnery of Saint Cecilia was bought by the Government Buildings Agency (Rijksgebouwendienst). This historic building has had various functions over time. The building dates from the early 15th century. The building had become municipal property after the Protestant Reformation and shortly before 1600 was converted into a pest house and lunatic asylum. The Leiden Academic hospital was founded in this location between 1636 and 1639.〔 In 1967, with the prospect of a new location the name of the Museum was changed to "Museum Boerhaave". However, it took more than twenty years before the museum finally moved.〔 After extensive restoration and expansion, the building is in use as a museum since 1991.〔 ImageSize = width:750 height:autoscale barincrement:40 PlotArea = left:55 right:10 bottom:23 top:10 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:name value:rgb(0.9,0.9,0.9) # id:institute1 value:rgb(0.9,0.5,0.5) # id:institute2 value:rgb(1,0.5,0.5) id:institute1 value:rgb(0.5,0.5,0.8) id:institute2 value:rgb(0.5,0.5,1) id:location1 value:rgb(0.5,0.7,0.5) id:location2 value:rgb(0.5,0.8,0.5) id:lightgrey value:rgb(0.9,0.9,0.9) id:black value:black id:white value:white id:red value:rgb(0.7,0,0) BackgroundColors = canvas:lightgrey Period = from:1928 till:2010 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1930 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1928 BarData = bar:Name text:Name bar:Institute text:Institute bar:Location text:Location PlotData= align:left textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:25 bar:Name from:start till:end color:name at: 1928 shift:(4,4) text: The Dutch Museum of the at: 1928 shift:(4,-8) text: History of Natural Sciences at: 1947 shift:(4,4) text:The Dutch National Museum for the History of the Natural Sciences aka textcolor:red at: 1947 shift:(4,-8) text:Museum Boerhaave align:center textcolor:black fontsize:9 shift:(0,-5) bar:Institute from: 1928 till:1947 color:institute1 text:Private Foundation from: 1947 till:end color:institute2 text:National Museum bar:Location from: 1931 till:1991 color:location1 text:Steenstraat 1 from: 1991 till:end color:location2 fontsize:8 text:Lange Sint Agnietenstraat 10 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Museum Boerhaave」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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